FAQs

Endometriosis is a chronic and often painful medical condition characterized by the growth of tissue similar to the endometrium, which is the lining of the uterus, outside the uterine cavity. Endometriosis, is a condition which affects approximately 10% of women assigned female at birth from puberty to menopause. In the UK this equates to over 1.5 million women. T

Endometriosis is commonly found on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and the tissue lining the pelvis, but it can also be found in more distant locations, including the bladder, intestines, and even the lungs. When the abnormal endometrial tissue is found in the uterine muscle it is called adenomyosis – often known as ‘the wicked sister’ 

The symptoms of endometriosis can vary significantly from person to person, and some individuals may experience severe symptoms while others may have mild discomfort. Common symptoms include:

• Pelvic Pain: This is the most prevalent symptom, often associated with the menstrual cycle. Many women report that the pain can start before menstruation and last throughout the period, sometimes extending beyond.
• Heavy Menstrual Bleeding: Women with endometriosis may experience heavy periods (menorrhagia) or bleeding between periods (intermenstrual bleeding).
• Painful Periods: A common symptom especially in women with endometriosis. Often described as akin to labour pain. 
• Pain During Intercourse: Pain during or after sex is another common complaint.
• Pain after intercourse:  This is very common and often described as a ‘bruised feeling. It may last a few minutes, or a few hours hours and in some cases more than a day.
• Pain with Bowel Movements or Urination: This is more likely to occur during menstrual periods. Women frequently describe defecation as a ‘red hot poker’. 
• Abdominal bloating: A very common symptom and often misdiagnosed as irritable bowel. It is not unusual for some women to be asked if they are pregnant.
• Infertility: Endometriosis is often diagnosed in women seeking treatment for infertility. It is estimated that 30-40% of women with endometriosis may face challenges in conceiving.
• Fatigue and General Lethargy: Tiredness can be caused by many factors but endometriosis is frequently overlooked. 
• Other Symptoms: These may include diarrhoea, constipation and nausea, especially during menstrual periods.

It is important to note that some women with very mild clinical disease (Stage 1) can experience debilitating symptoms whereas those women with severe clinical disease (Stage IV) may have little in way of pain. 

The exact cause of endometriosis remains unclear, but several theories exist, including:

• Retrograde Menstruation: This theory suggests that menstrual blood flows backward through the fallopian tubes into the pelvic cavity instead of leaving the body.
• Embryonic Cell Transformation: Hormones such as oestrogen might transform embryonic cells into endometrial-like cell implants during puberty.
• Immune System Disorders: A compromised immune system may fail to recognize endometrial-like tissue growing outside the uterus, allowing it to thrive.
• Genetics: Endometriosis may run in families, indicating a possible genetic component.

One of the intriguing aspects of endometriosis is its potential hereditary nature. Research has indicated that genetics may play a significant role in the development of this condition.

Studies have shown that women who have a family history of endometriosis are at a higher risk of developing the condition themselves. For instance, if a woman has a mother or sister diagnosed with endometriosis, her risk can be significantly elevated—some studies suggest that the risk may increase by as much as 7 to 10 times. This familial tendency points to a possible genetic predisposition, although the exact mechanisms are still not fully understood.

However, it is essential to recognize that endometriosis is not solely determined by genetics. The condition is multifactorial, meaning that it arises from a combination of genetic, environmental, and hormonal influences. Factors such as exposure to certain chemicals, lifestyle choices, and reproductive history can also contribute to the development and severity of endometriosis.

Additionally, researchers are investigating specific genes that may be associated with endometriosis. While some progress has been made in identifying potential genetic markers, more research is needed to establish concrete links between specific genes and the condition.

If you have concerns about endometriosis and its hereditary nature, especially if you have a family history of the condition we can help at the Endometriosis Centre.

Yes, endometriosis can significantly affect fertility. This condition occurs when tissue similar to the lining of the uterus grows outside the uterus, often on the ovaries, fallopian tubes, and other pelvic structures. One of the primary ways endometriosis impacts fertility is through the formation of adhesions, which are bands of scar tissue that can bind organs together. These adhesions can distort the pelvic anatomy and disrupt the normal functioning of the reproductive system.

Additionally, endometriosis can lead to inflammation in the pelvic cavity. This inflammation may affect the surrounding organs and tissues, potentially causing pain and interfering with the implantation of a fertilized egg. In some cases, endometriosis can also cause the fallopian tubes to become blocked, preventing the sperm from reaching the egg or the fertilized egg from traveling to the uterus.

Hormonal imbalances associated with endometriosis can also play a role in fertility issues. The condition is often linked to irregular ovulation, which can make it more difficult to conceive. Furthermore, the presence of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus can create an environment that is less favourable for conception and early pregnancy.

It’s important to note, however, that not all individuals with endometriosis will experience infertility. Many women with mild to moderate cases may still conceive naturally. When infertility is a concern, there are various treatment options available, including hormonal therapies to manage symptoms and improve fertility, as well as assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).

If you have endometriosis and are trying to conceive, we can provide guidance tailored to your specific situation, discuss potential interventions, and help you navigate the journey toward achieving pregnancy. Early diagnosis and appropriate management can enhance the chances of conception and improve overall reproductive health.

While there is currently no cure for endometriosis, various treatment options aim to alleviate symptoms and improve quality of life. These may include:

• Pain Relief: Over-the-counter pain relievers like NSAIDs (ibuprofen or naproxen) can help manage pain.
• Hormonal Therapies: These treatments aim to reduce or eliminate menstruation, thereby decreasing the growth of endometrial tissue. Options include birth control pills, hormonal IUDs, and other hormone-regulating medications such as Prostap and Zoladex. Newer drugs include Relugolix and Linzagolix.
• Surgery: In cases where symptoms are severe or when fertility is a concern, surgical options may be considered to remove endometriosis lesions and cysts.
• Lifestyle Changes: Dietary adjustments, exercise, and stress management techniques may also help manage symptoms.

Endometriosis is a complex and multifaceted condition that can significantly impact the lives of those affected. Awareness and early intervention can be crucial in managing symptoms and improving quality of life We can help with an early diagnosis and a comprehensive treatment plan tailored to your individual’s needs to help manage your symptoms effectively and improve your overall quality of life.